| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A/D converter |
Analog-to-digital converter, a device that transforms incoming analog signals into digitalform. |
| attenuate |
To reduce or make quieter. |
| aux |
Short for Auxiliary. |
| aux return |
A mixer input (sometimes a pair of inputs) with limited control capabilities, intended for bringing the output of an auxiliary processor or other line-level source into the main mix bus. Aux returns can sometimes be assigned to other buses in the mixer. |
| aux send |
A mixer bus output designed to send a signal to an auxiliary processor or monitor system. |
| auxiliary |
In sound mixers, supplemental equipment or features that provide additional capabilities to the basic system. Examples of auxiliary equipment include: serial processors (equalizers, compressors, limiters, gates) and parallel processors(reverberation and delay). |
| bandwidth |
The band of frequencies that pass through a device with a loss of less than 3 dB, expressed in Hertz or in musical octaves. Also see Q. |
| bit |
The smallest component of a digital word, represented by either a one or a zero. |
| cardioid |
Heart-shaped. In sound work, cardioid refers to the shape of the sensitivity vs. direction plot for a particular style of directional microphone. A cardioid mic rejects sound arriving from the rear. |
| channel |
A functional path in an audio circuit: an input channel, an output channel, a recording channel, the left channel and so on. |
| channel strip |
The physical realization of an audio channel on the front panel of a mixer; usually a long, vertical strip of controls. |
| chorusing |
A time-based effect available in some digital delay effects units and reverbs. Chorusing involves a number of moving delays and pitch shifting, usually panned across a stereo field. Depending on how used, it can be lovely or grotesque. |
| clipping |
A form of severe audio distortion that results from peaks of the audio signal attempting to rise above the capabilities of the amplifier circuit. Seen on an oscilloscope, the audio peaks appear clipped off. To avoid clipping, reduce the system gain in or before the gain stage in which the clipping occurs. Also see headroom. |
| compressor |
This is a dynamics processor used to smooth out any large transient peaks in an audio signal that might otherwise overload your system or cause distortion. The amplitude threshold and other parameters such as attack time, release time, and tire pressure are adjustable. |
| condenser |
Another term for the electronic component generally known as a capacitor. In audio, condenser often refers to a type of microphone that uses a capacitor as the sound pickup element. Condenser microphones require electrical power to run internal amplifiers and maintain an electrical charge on the capacitor. They are typically powered by internal batteries or “phantom power” supplied by an external source, such as a mixing console. |
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